Archives of Acoustics, 45, 3, pp. 377–384, 2020
10.24425/aoa.2020.134054

On a Robust Descriptor of the Flue Organ Pipe Transient

Viktor HRUŠKA
Academy of Performing Arts in Prague
Czech Republic

Pavel DLASK
Academy of Performing Arts in Prague
Czech Republic

The initial transient of an organ pipe is known to be of great influence to the perceived sound quality. At the same time, the unsteady process of the tone onset is essentially nonlinear and lacks exact repeatability, so the search for a robust descriptor is in place. Initial transients were recorded using an adjustable flue organ pipe. The blowing pressure and cut-up height were varied. Prony’s method was employed to analyze the results. Utilizing the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the standardized exponential model coefficients, it was shown that the transients are well described by just one scalar parameter. Its value is predominantly dependent on the number of important Prony’s components taking part in the transient process (i.e., the overall complexity of the transient signal). A strong correlation was found between the PCA component and the Strouhal number inverse.
Keywords: flue organ pipes; transient signal; Prony’s method; Strouhal number
Full Text: PDF
Copyright © The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0).

References

Aguirre L. (1993), Quantitative measure of modal dominance for continuous systems, [in:] Proceedings of 32nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Vol. 3, pp. 2405–2410, doi: 10.1109/CDC.1993.325629.

Angster J., Miklós A. (2000), Properties of the sound of flue organ pipes, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 86(4): 611–622.

Angster J., Miklós A., Rucz P., Augusztinovicz F. (2012), The physics and sound design of flue organ pipes, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 132(3): 2069–2069, doi: 10.1121/1.4755627.

Außerlechner H.J., Trommer T., Angster J., Miklós A. (2009), Experimental jet velocity and edge tone investigations on a foot model of an organ pipe, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 126(2): 878–886, doi: 10.1121/1.3158935.

Boutillon X., David B. (2002), Assessing tuning and damping of historical carillon bells and their changes through restoration, Applied Acoustics, 63(8): 901–910, doi: 10.1016/S0003-682X(01)00067-6.

Carrou J.-L.L., Gautier F., Badeau R. (2009), Sympathetic string modes in the concert harp, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 95(4): 744–752.

Chaigne A., Lambourg C. (2001), Time-domain simulation of damped impacted plates. I. Theory and experiments, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 109(4): 1422–1432, doi: 10.1121/1.1354200.

Dequand S. et al. (2003), Simplified models of flue instruments: influence of mouth geometry on the sound source, Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 113(3): 1724–1735, doi: 10.1121/1.1543929.

Fabre B. (2016), Flute-like instruments, [in:] A. Chaigne, J. Kergomard, Acoustics of Musical Instruments, pp. 559–606, Springer, New York, NY, doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3679-3.

Fabre B., Hirschberg A. (2000), Physical modeling of flue instruments: A review of lumped models, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 86(4): 599–610.

Fischer J.L., Bader R., Abel M. (2016), Aeroacoustical coupling and synchronization of organ pipes, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 140(4): 2344–2351, doi: 10.1121/1.4964135.

Fletcher N., Rossing T. (1998), The Physics of Musical Instruments, Springer, New York.

Fletcher N.H. (1976), Transients in the speech of organ flue pipes – a theoretical study, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 34(4): 224–233.

Hruška V., Dlask P. (2017), Connections between organ pipe noise and shannon entropy of the airflow: Preliminary results, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 103(6): 1100–1105.

Hruška V., Dlask P. (2019), Investigation of the sound source regions in open and closed organ pipes, Archives of Acoustics, 44(3): 467–474, doi: 10.24425/aoa.2019.129262.

Kob M. (2010), Influence of wall vibrations on the transient sound of flue organ pipes, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 128(4): 2419–2419, doi: 10.1121/1.3508635.

Laroche J. (1993), The use of the matrix pencil method for the spectrum analysis of musical signals, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 94(4): 1958–1965, doi: 10.1121/1.407519.

Marple S.L. (1987), Digital Spectral Analysis: with Applications/Disk,Pc/MS Dos/IBM/Pc/at, Prentice Hall Signal Processing Series, Prentice Hall.

Mickiewicz W. (2015), Particle image velocimetry and proper orthogonal decomposition applied to aerodynamic sound source region visualization in organ flue pipe, Archives of Acoustics, 40(4): 475–484, doi: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0047.

Miyamoto M. et al. (2013), Numerical study on acoustic oscillations of 2d and 3d flue organ pipe like instruments with compressible LES, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 99(1): 154–171, doi: 10.3813/AAA.918599.

Netto M., Milli L. (2017), A robust prony method for power system electromechanical modes identification, [in:] 2017 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Chicago, IL, doi: 10.1109/PESGM.2017.8274323.

Nolle A.W., Finch T.L. (1992), Starting transients of flue organ pipes in relation to pressure rise time, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 91(4): 2190–2202, doi: 10.1121/1.403653.

Reynders E., Houbrechts J., Roeck G.D. (2012), Fully automated (operational) modal analysis, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 29: 228–250, doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2012.01.007.

Rioux V. (2000), Methods for an objective and subjective description of starting transients of some flue organ pipes – integrating the view of an organ-builder, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 86(4): 634–641.

Rioux V. (2001), Sound quality of flue organ pipes, PhD thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg.

Taesch C., Wik T., Angster J., Miklós A. (2004), Attack transient analysis of flue organ pipes with different cut-up height, [in:] Proceedings of CFA/DAGA, Strasbourg.

Taillard P.-A., Silva F., Guillemain P., Kergomard J. (2018), Modal analysis of the input impedance of wind instruments, application to the sound synthesis of a clarinet, Applied Acoustics, 141: 271–280, doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2018.07.018.

Thomas O., Touzé C., Chaigne A. (2003), Asymmetric non-linear forced vibrations of free-edge circular plates. Part II: Experiments, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 265(5): 1075–1101, doi: 10.1016/S0022-460X(02)01564-X.

Verge M.-P., Fabre B., Hirschberg A., Wijnands A.P.J. (1997), Sound production in recorderlike instruments. I. Dimensionless amplitude of the internal acoustic field, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101(5): 2914–2924, doi: 10.1121/1.418521.

Verge M.P. et al. (1994), Jet formation and jet velocity fluctuations in a flue organ pipe, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95(2): 1119–1132, doi: 10.1121/1.408460.

Yokoyama H., Miki A., Onitsuka H., Iida A. (2015), Direct numerical simulation of fluid–acoustic interactions in a recorder with tone holes, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 138(2): 858–873, doi: 10.1121/1.4926902.

Yoshikawa S. (2000), A pictorial analysis of jet and vortex behaviours during attack transients in organ pipe models, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 86(4): 623–633.

Yoshikawa S., Tashiro H., Sakamoto Y. (2012), Experimental examination of vortex-sound generation in an organ pipe: A proposal of jet vortex-layer formation model, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 331(11): 2558–2577, doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2012.01.026.




DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2020.134054