Abstract
The lower limit of pitch (LLP) perception was explored for pure tones, sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (SAM) tones with a carrier frequency of 125 Hz, and trains of 125-Hz tone pips, using an adaptive procedure to estimate the lowest repetition rate for which a tonal/humming quality was heard. The LLP was similar for the three stimulus types, averaging 19 Hz. There were marked individual differences, which were correlated to some extent across stimulus types. The pure-tone stimuli contained a single resolved harmonic, whereas the SAM tones and tone-pip trains contained only unresolved components, whose frequencies did not necessarily form a harmonic series. The similarity of the LLP across stimulus types suggests that the LLP is determined by the repetition period of the sound for pure tones, and the envelope repetition period for complex stimuli. The results are consistent with the idea that the LLP is determined by a periodicity analysis in the auditory system, and that the longest time interval between waveform or envelope peaks for which this analysis can be performed is approximately 53 ms.Keywords:
pitch, lower limit, periodicity analysisReferences
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24. Joly O., Baumann S., Poirier C., Patterson R.D., Thiele A., Griffiths T.D. (2014), A perceptual pitch boundary in a non-human primate, Frontiers in Psychology, 5, Article 998, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00998
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26. Jurado C., Larrea M., Patel H., Marquardt T. (2020), Dependency of threshold and loudness on sound duration at low and infrasonic frequencies, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 148(2): 1030–1038, https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001760 .
27. Jurado C., Marquardt T. (2016), The effect of the helicotrema on low-frequency loudness perception, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 140(5): 3799–3809, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4967295
28. Jurado C., Marquardt T. (2020), Brain’s frequency following responses to low-frequency and infrasound, Archives of Acoustics, 45(2): 313–319, https://doi.org/10.24425/aoa.2020.133151
29. Jurado C., Moore B.C.J. (2010), Frequency selectivity for frequencies below 100 Hz: Comparisons with mid-frequencies, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 128(6): 3585–3596, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3504657
30. Jurado C., Pedersen C.S., Moore B.C.J. (2011), Psychophysical tuning curves for frequencies below 100 Hz, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 129(5): 3166–3180, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3560535
31. Kanedera N., Arai T., Hermansky H., Pavel M. (1999), On the relative importance of various components of the modulation spectrum for automatic speech recognition, Speech Communication, 28(1): 43–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6393%2899%2900002-3
32. Kinsler L.E., Frey A.R., Coppens A.B., Sanders J.V. (1999), Fundamentals of Acoustics, 4th ed., New York: Wiley-VCH.
33. Koumura T., Terashima H., Furukawa S. (2019), Cascaded tuning to amplitude modulation for natural sound recognition, Journal of Neuroscience, 39(28): 5517–5533, https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2914-18.2019
34. Krumbholz K., Patterson R.D., Pressnitzer D. (2000), The lower limit of pitch as determined by rate discrimination, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 108(3): 1170–1180, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1287843
35. Kühler R., Fedtke T., Hensel J. (2015), Infrasonic and low-frequency insert earphone hearing threshold, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 137(4): EL347–EL353, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4916795
36. Logos Foundation (2016), Instrument frequencies and ranges, https://www.logosfoundation.org/kursus/frequency_table.html (date last viewed: 05-Oct-20).
37. Marquardt T., Hensel J., Mrowinski, D., Scholz G. (2007), Low-frequency characteristics of human and guinea pig cochleae, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121(6): 3628–3638, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2722506
38. Meddis R., O’Mard L. (1997), A unitary model of pitch perception, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 102(3): 1811–1820, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.420088 .
39. Mehta A.H., Oxenham A.J. (2020), Effect of lowest harmonic rank on fundamental-frequency difference limens varies with fundamental frequency, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 147(4): 2314–2322, https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001092
40. Møller H., Pedersen C.S. (2004), Hearing at low and infrasonic frequencies, Noise and Health, 6(23): 37–57.
41. Moore B.C.J. (1982), An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing, 2nd ed., London: Academic Press.
42. Moore B.C.J. (2008), The role of temporal fine structure processing in pitch perception, masking, and speech perception for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired people, Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 9(4): 399–406, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-008-0143-x
43. Moore B.C.J. (2019), The roles of temporal envelope and fine structure information in auditory perception, Acoustical Science and Technology, 40(2): 61–83, https://doi.org/10.1250/ast.40.61 .
44. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R., Flanagan H.J., Adams J. (2006), Frequency discrimination of complex tones; assessing the role of component resolvability and temporal fine structure, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 119(1): 480–490, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2139070 .
45. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R., Low K.E., Cope T., Cope W. (2006), Effects of level and frequency on the audibility of partials in inharmonic complex tones, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 120(2): 934–944, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2216906
46. Moore B.C.J., Gockel H.E. (2011), Resolvability of components in complex tones and implications for theories of pitch perception, Hearing Research, 276(1–2): 88–97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2011.01.003
47. Moore B.C.J., Hopkins K., Cuthbertson S. (2009), Discrimination of complex tones with unresolved components using temporal fine structure information, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 125(5): 3214–3222, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3106135
48. Moore B.C.J., Ohgushi K. (1993), Audibility of partials in inharmonic complex tones, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 93(1): 452–461, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.405625
49. Moore G.A., Moore B.C.J. (2003), Perception of the low pitch of frequency-shifted complexes, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 113(2): 977–985, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1536631
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