Removal of Fouling from Steel Plate Surfaces Based on Multi-Frequency Eco-Friendly Ultrasonic Guided Wave Technology
Abstract
Fouling is inevitable on the surfaces of industrial equipment, especially on heat-exchanging surfaces in contact with fluids, which causes water pollution and destroys the ecological environment. In this paper, a novel fouling-removal methodology for plate structure based on cavitation by multi-frequency ultrasonic guided waves is proposed, which can remove fouling on stainless steel plates. A numerical simulation method has been developed to study the acoustic pressure distribution on a steel plate. According to the simulation results, the distribution of sound pressure on the plate under triple-frequency excitation is denser and more prone to cavitation than in single-frequency cases and dual-frequency cases, which improves fouling removal rate. The stainless steel plate is immersed in water for the descaling experiment, and the results show that the fouling removal rates of three water-loaded stainless steel plates under different single-frequency excitation seem unsatisfactory. However, the multi-frequency excitation improves the descaling performance and the removal rate of fouling reaches 80%. This new method can be applied to the surface descaling of large equipment plates, which is of great significance for purifying water quality and protecting the ecological environment.Keywords:
fouling removal, cavitation, eco-friendly, ultrasonic guided waves, multi-frequencyReferences
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2. Avvaru B., Pandit A.B. (2008), Experimental investigation of cavitational bubble dynamics under multifrequency system, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 15(4): 578–589, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2007.06.012
3. Chen D., Weavers L.K., Walker H.W., Lenhart J.J. (2006), Ultrasonic control of ceramic membrane fouling caused by natural organic matter and silica particles, Journal of Membrane Science, 276(1–2): 135–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2005.09.039
4. Deptuła A., Kunderman D., Osiński P., Radziwanowska U., Włostowski R. (2016), Acoustic diagnostics applications in the study of the technical condition of the combustion engine, Archives of Acoustics, 41(2): 345–350, https://doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2016-0036
5. Feng R., Zhao Y., Zhu C., Mason T.J. (2002), Enhancement of ultrasonic cavitation yield by multifrequency sonication, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 9(5): 231–236, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4177%2802%2900083-4
6. Gholivand Kh., Khosravi M., Hosseini S.G., Fathollahi M. (2010), A novel surface cleaning method for chemical removal of fouling lead layer from chromium surfaces, Applied Surface Science, 256(24): 7457–7461, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.05.090
7. Habibi H. et al. (2016), Modelling and empirical development of an anti/de-icing approach for wind turbine blades through superposition of different types of vibration, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 128: 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.04.012
8. Inoue D., Hayashi T. (2015), Transient analysis of leaky Lamb waves with a semi-analytical finite element method, Ultrasonics, 62: 80–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2015.05.004
9. Kim J.O., Kim J.H., Choi S. (1999), Vibroacoustic characteristics of ultrasonic cleaners, Applied Acoustics, 58(2): 211–228, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-682X%2898%2900039-5
10. Kovarik V. (1995), Distributional concept of the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle, Journal of Applied Mechanics, 62(4): 847–852, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2896010
11. Krautkrämer J., Krautkrämer H. (2013), Ultrasonic Testing of Materials, 4th ed., Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, Heidelberg.
12. Krzyżanowski M., Yang W., Sellars C.M., Beynon J.H. (2013), Analysis of mechanical descaling: and modelling approach experimental, Metal Science Journal, 19(1): 109–116, https://doi.org/10.1179/026708303225008545
13. Kudryashova O.B., Vorozhtsov A., Danilov P. (2019), Deagglomeration and coagulation of particles in liquid metal under ultrasonic treatment, Archives of Acoustics, 44(3): 543–549, https://doi.org/10.24425/aoa.2019.129269
14. Legay M., Allibert Y., Gondrexon N., Boldo P., Le Person S. (2013), Experimental investigations of fouling reduction in an ultrasonically-assisted heat exchanger, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 46: 111–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2012.12.001
15. MacAdam J., Parsons S.A. (2004), Calcium carbonate scale formation and control, Review in Environmental Science & Bio/Technology, 3: 159–169, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-004-3849-1
16. Mason T.J. (2016), Ultrasonic cleaning: An historical perspective, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 29: 519–523, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.05.004
17. Mazzotti M., Marzani A., Bartoli I. (2014), Dispersion analysis of leaky guided waves in fluid-loaded waveguides of generic shape, Ultrasonics, 54(1): 408–418, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2013.06.011
18. Nguyen T.T., Asakura Y., Koda S., Yasuda K. (2017), Dependence of cavitation, chemical effect, and mechanical effect thresholds on ultrasonic frequency, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 39: 301–306, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.04.037
19. Pecnik B., Hocevar M., Širok B., Bizjan B. (2016), Scale deposit removal by means of ultrasonic cavitation, Wear, 356: 45–52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2016.03.012
20. Qu Z. et al. (2019), A descaling methodology for a water-filled pipe based on leaky guided ultrasonic waves cavitation, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 146: 470–477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2019.04.027
21. Rizzo F.J., Shippy D.J. (1971), An application of the correspondence principle of linear viscoelasticity theory, SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, 21(2): 321–330, https://doi.org/10.1137/0121034
22. Sato H., Lebedev M., Akedo J. (2007), Theoretical investigation of guide wave flowmeter, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 46(7S): 4521, https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.46.4521
23. Shchukin D.G., Skorb E., Belova V., Moehwald H. (2011), Ultrasonic cavitation at solid surfaces, Advanced Materials, 23: 1922–1934, https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201004494
24. Shima A. (1971), The natural frequencies of two spherical bubbles oscillating in water, Journal of Fluids Engineering, 93(3): 426–431, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3425268
25. Somerscales E.F.C. (1990), Fouling of heat transfer surfaces: An historical review, Heat Transfer Engineering, 11(1): 19–36, https://doi.org/10.1080/01457639008939720
26. Suo D., Govind B., Zhang S., Jing Y. (2018), Numerical investigation of the inertial cavitation threshold under multi-frequency ultrasound, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 41: 419–426, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.10.004
27. Suo D., Guo S., Lin W., Jiang X., Jing Y. (2015), Thrombolysis using multi-frequency high intensity focused ultrasound at MHz range: An in vitro study, Physics in Medicine & Biology, 60(18): 7403–7418, https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/60/18/7403
28. Suslick K.S. et al. (1999), Acoustic cavitation and its chemical consequences, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 357(1751): 335–353, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1999.0330
29. Wu J.-H., Chao L. (2011), Effects of entrained air manner on cavitation damage, Journal of Hydrodynamics, 23(3): 333–338, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6058%2810%2960120-5
30. Zhu R., Huang G.L., Huang H.H., Sun C.T. (2011), Experimental and numerical study of guided wave propagation in a thin metamaterial plate, Physics Letters A, 375(30–31): 2863–2867, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2011.06.006

