Abstract
This article explores the challenge of identifying noise-generating factors in traffic flows (TFs) within the constrained spaces and imperfect transport networks of historical cities, using Lviv as a case study. Experimental studies were conducted to measure the equivalent noise levels at different times of the day on selected streets in Lviv. These streets are characterized by dense development, paved surfaces, and a high volume of vehicular and rail traffic. The study identified correlations between noise levels, traffic volumes, and vehicle speeds during daytime and nighttime periods. Notably, vehicle speed was found to have a more significant impact on noise levels than the number of vehicles. Through the analysis of these findings, empirical mathematical models were developed and validated using the Lagrange interpolation polynomial to predict noise pollution levels on selected streets at specific times. The developed computer system enables quick forecasting of noise levels for a given street while simultaneously provides data to manage TF as a factor affecting noise generation. Crucially, this tool can also assist in calculating the required specifications for acoustic insulation on building façades adjacent to these TFs.Keywords:
IT system, noise measurement, road noise, MATLAB, equivalent noise levelReferences
1. Adamenko Y., Coman M., Kundelska T. (2017), Ecological safety of Ivano-Frankivsk urban system according to acoustical and electromagnetic load factors, Scientific Bulletin Series D: Mining, Mineral Processing, Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Geology and Environmental Engineering, 31(2): 27–33.
2. Basner M. et al. (2014), Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health, The Lancet, 383(9925): 1325–1332, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61613-X.
3. Brown L. (2015), Effects of road traffic noise on health: From burden of disease to effectiveness of interventions,
Procedia Environmental Sciences, 30: 3–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.10.001.
4. DBN V.1.1-31:2013 (2013), Protection of territories, buildings, and structures from noise [in Ukrainian], Ministry of Regional Development, Construction, and Housing and Communal Services of Ukraine.
5. Dzhambov A.M., Lercher P. (2019), Road traffic noise exposure and depression/anxiety: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(21): 4134, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214134.
6. Hegewald J. et al. (2020), Traffic noise and mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17): 6175, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176175.
7. Grynchyshyn N.M., Shuplat T.I., Zhorina O.O. (2021), Noise pollution in the main streets of the central part of Lviv [in Ukrainian], Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety, 24: 6–11, https://doi.org/10.32447/20784643.24.2021.01.
8. Kachmar R.Ya. (2013), Assessment of environmental and economic losses from traffic noise in the city of Lviv [in Ukrainian], Automotive Transport: Research, 1(231): 10–13.
9. Kachmar R., Lanets O. (2020), The impact of parameters of traffic flows in the Lviv street-road network on the level of environmental and economic losses [in Ukrainian], Transport Technologies, 1(1): 83–91, https://doi.org/10.23939/tt2020.01.083.
10. Kachmar R., Lyoda V., Polyakevych V. (2018), The impact of road pavement in Lviv on the level of noise pollution [in Ukrainian], Bus Manufacturing and Passenger Transportation in Ukraine: Proceedings of the III All-Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Conference, pp. 189–191.
11. Kalyn B.M., Sheleviy M.I. (2016), Directions for optimizing the noise factor of traffic flows in Lviv [in Ukrainian], Scientific Bulletin of LNUVMBT named after S.Z. Gzhytskyi, 18(2): 104–107.
12. Luchko I.A. (2010), Results of the study of noise load on streets, roads, and avenues in Kyiv [in Ukrainian], Bulletin of NTUU “KPI”. Series “Mining”, 19: 188–197.
13. Mironova N.H., Morozov A.V., Morozova T.V., Rybak V.V. (2021), Study of acoustic load from traffic flow in the city of Khmelnytskyi [in Ukrainian], Roads and Bridges, 24: 193–205.
14. Ow L.F., Ghosh S. (2017), Urban cities and road traffic noise: Reduction through vegetation, Applied Acoustics, 120: 15–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2017.01.007.
15. Ozer S., Irmak M.A., Yilmaz H. (2008), Determination of roadside noise reduction effectiveness of Pinus sylvestris L. and Populus nigra L. in Erzurum, Turkey, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 144(1–3): 191–197, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9978-6.
16. Petrescu V., Ciudin R., Claudiu I., Cioca L.-I., Victor N. (2015), Traffic noise pollution in a historical city – Case study project within environmental engineering field of study, 3rd International Engineering and Technology Education Conference & 7th Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education, pp. 1–8.
17. Reshetchenko A.I. (2018), Study of the impact of automobile traffic flows on the acoustic environment of urban landscapes [in Ukrainian], Municipal Economy of Cities. Series “Technical Sciences and Architecture”, 146: 180–183.
18. Titu A.M., Boroiu A.A., Mihailescu S., Pop A.B., Boroiu A. (2022), Assessment of road noise pollution in urban residential areas – A case study in Piteşti, Romania, Applied Sciences, 12(4053): 1–14, https://doi.org/10.3390/app12084053.
19. Zambon G., Roman H.E., Smiraglia M., Benocci R. (2018), Monitoring and prediction of traffic noise in large urban areas, Applied Sciences, 8(2): 251, https://doi.org/10.3390/app8020251.
20. Zubyk S.V., Khodan M.M. (2014), Architectural and planning methods for combating urban traffic noise [in Ukrainian], Scientific Bulletin of NLTU of Ukraine, 24(11): 185–191.
2. Basner M. et al. (2014), Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health, The Lancet, 383(9925): 1325–1332, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61613-X.
3. Brown L. (2015), Effects of road traffic noise on health: From burden of disease to effectiveness of interventions,
Procedia Environmental Sciences, 30: 3–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.10.001.
4. DBN V.1.1-31:2013 (2013), Protection of territories, buildings, and structures from noise [in Ukrainian], Ministry of Regional Development, Construction, and Housing and Communal Services of Ukraine.
5. Dzhambov A.M., Lercher P. (2019), Road traffic noise exposure and depression/anxiety: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(21): 4134, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214134.
6. Hegewald J. et al. (2020), Traffic noise and mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17): 6175, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176175.
7. Grynchyshyn N.M., Shuplat T.I., Zhorina O.O. (2021), Noise pollution in the main streets of the central part of Lviv [in Ukrainian], Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety, 24: 6–11, https://doi.org/10.32447/20784643.24.2021.01.
8. Kachmar R.Ya. (2013), Assessment of environmental and economic losses from traffic noise in the city of Lviv [in Ukrainian], Automotive Transport: Research, 1(231): 10–13.
9. Kachmar R., Lanets O. (2020), The impact of parameters of traffic flows in the Lviv street-road network on the level of environmental and economic losses [in Ukrainian], Transport Technologies, 1(1): 83–91, https://doi.org/10.23939/tt2020.01.083.
10. Kachmar R., Lyoda V., Polyakevych V. (2018), The impact of road pavement in Lviv on the level of noise pollution [in Ukrainian], Bus Manufacturing and Passenger Transportation in Ukraine: Proceedings of the III All-Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Conference, pp. 189–191.
11. Kalyn B.M., Sheleviy M.I. (2016), Directions for optimizing the noise factor of traffic flows in Lviv [in Ukrainian], Scientific Bulletin of LNUVMBT named after S.Z. Gzhytskyi, 18(2): 104–107.
12. Luchko I.A. (2010), Results of the study of noise load on streets, roads, and avenues in Kyiv [in Ukrainian], Bulletin of NTUU “KPI”. Series “Mining”, 19: 188–197.
13. Mironova N.H., Morozov A.V., Morozova T.V., Rybak V.V. (2021), Study of acoustic load from traffic flow in the city of Khmelnytskyi [in Ukrainian], Roads and Bridges, 24: 193–205.
14. Ow L.F., Ghosh S. (2017), Urban cities and road traffic noise: Reduction through vegetation, Applied Acoustics, 120: 15–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2017.01.007.
15. Ozer S., Irmak M.A., Yilmaz H. (2008), Determination of roadside noise reduction effectiveness of Pinus sylvestris L. and Populus nigra L. in Erzurum, Turkey, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 144(1–3): 191–197, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9978-6.
16. Petrescu V., Ciudin R., Claudiu I., Cioca L.-I., Victor N. (2015), Traffic noise pollution in a historical city – Case study project within environmental engineering field of study, 3rd International Engineering and Technology Education Conference & 7th Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education, pp. 1–8.
17. Reshetchenko A.I. (2018), Study of the impact of automobile traffic flows on the acoustic environment of urban landscapes [in Ukrainian], Municipal Economy of Cities. Series “Technical Sciences and Architecture”, 146: 180–183.
18. Titu A.M., Boroiu A.A., Mihailescu S., Pop A.B., Boroiu A. (2022), Assessment of road noise pollution in urban residential areas – A case study in Piteşti, Romania, Applied Sciences, 12(4053): 1–14, https://doi.org/10.3390/app12084053.
19. Zambon G., Roman H.E., Smiraglia M., Benocci R. (2018), Monitoring and prediction of traffic noise in large urban areas, Applied Sciences, 8(2): 251, https://doi.org/10.3390/app8020251.
20. Zubyk S.V., Khodan M.M. (2014), Architectural and planning methods for combating urban traffic noise [in Ukrainian], Scientific Bulletin of NLTU of Ukraine, 24(11): 185–191.
